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,ch04.13730 Page 168 Wednesday, November 29, 2000 4:43 PM BIT_LENGTH, CHAR_LENGTH, and OCTET_LENGTH The closest any of the vendors get to the BIT_LENGTH function is Oracle. Oracle supports the LENGTHB function, which returns an integer value representing the number of bytes in an expression. MySQL and PostgreSQL support CHAR_LENGTH and the SQL99 synonym CHARACTER_LENGTH( ). PostgreSQL also supports EXTRACT( ), OCTET_LENGTH( ), and POSITION( ) as per the SQL99 standard. The other two vendors each have a similar function that provides identical functionality. SQL Server provides the LEN function and Oracle provides the LENGTH function. MySQL and PostgreSQL also fully support the OCTET_LENGTH function. Example The following example determines the length of a string and a value retrieved from a column: /* On MySQL and PostgreSQL */ SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(’hello’); SELECT OCTET_LENGTH(book_title) FROM titles; /* On Microsoft SQL Server */ SELECT DATALENGTH(title) FROM titles WHERE type = ‘popular_comp’ GO /* On Oracle */ SELECT LENGTH(’HORATIO’) “Length of characters” FROM dual; EXTRACT The EXTRACT function is not supported by the database vendors, except for PostgreSQL and MySQL. Each vendor supports a separate command to accomplish the same functionality. Oracle uses the TO_CHAR function to extract a portion of a date into a character string. SQL Server uses the CONVERT function to extract a portion of a date. MySQL implementation is extended somewhat beyond the SQL99 standard. The SQL99 standard does not have a provision for returning multiple fields in the same call to EXTRACT( ) (e.g., DAY_HOUR ). The MySQL extensions try to accomplish what the combination DATE_TRUNC( ) and DATE_PART( ) do in PostgreSQL. MySQL supports the dateparts listed in Table 4-5. Table 4-5: MySQL Dateparts Type value Meaning Expected format SECOND Seconds SECONDS MINUTE Minutes MINUTES 168 Chapter 4 SQL Functions

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